Standards in this Framework
Standards Mapped
Mapped to Course
| Standard | Lessons |
|---|---|
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I.A.1
Understand computing as a way of expressing creativity, solving problems, enabling communication, and fostering innovation in a variety of fields and careers |
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I.A.1.a
recognize that computers can be used to showcase creativity |
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I.A.1.b
recognize the benefits of using computers to solve problems |
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I.A.1.c
provide examples of how computers enable communication and collaboration |
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I.A.1.d
provide examples of how computers foster innovation |
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I.A.2
Know the obstacles to equal access to computing among different groups and the impact of those obstacles |
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I.A.2.a
identify obstacles to equal access to computing among different groups (e.g., groups defined by gender, socioeconomic status, disability/accessibility needs) and the impact of those obstacles |
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I.A.2.b
identify factors that contribute to the digital divide |
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I.A.2.c
match obstacles to equal access with effective solutions |
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I.A.3
Understand beneficial and harmful effects of computing innovations and the trade-offs between them |
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I.A.3.a
analyze computing innovations in terms of their social, economic, and cultural impacts, both beneficial and harmful |
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I.A.3.b
identify trade-offs between beneficial and harmful effects of computer innovations |
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I.B.1
Know different methods of protecting intellectual property rights and the trade-offs between them in a variety of contexts (e.g., Creative Commons, open source, copyright) |
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I.B.1.a
using correct vocabulary, describe how different methods of protecting intellectual property rights work |
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I.B.1.b
given a context, identify appropriate methods of protecting intellectual property rights |
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I.B.1.c
identify and compare trade-offs between different methods of protecting intellectual property rights |
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I.B.2
Understand ethical and unethical computing practices and their social, economic, and cultural implications |
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I.B.2.a
identify ethical and unethical computing practices in context |
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I.B.2.b
describe the social, economic, and cultural implications of ethical and unethical computing practices |
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I.B.2.c
identify the conditions under which a given computing practice is ethical or legal |
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I.B.3
Know privacy and security issues regarding the acquisition, use, and disclosure of information in a digital world |
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I.B.3.a
using correct vocabulary, describe privacy and security issues |
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I.B.3.b
using correct vocabulary, describe privacy and security issues |
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I.B.3.c
describe trade-offs between local and cloud-based data storage |
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I.B.3.d
identify methods that digital services use to collect information about users |
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II.A.1
Understand abstraction as a foundation of computer science |
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II.A.1.a
identify, create, or complete the correct ordering, from low to high, of an abstraction hierarchy |
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II.A.1.b
identify abstractions in context |
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II.A.1.c
identify details that can be removed from a solution in order to generalize it |
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II.A.2
Know how to use pattern recognition, problem decomposition, and abstraction to develop an algorithm |
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II.A.2.a
given a table of values or other data source, identify the patterns in the data and identify algorithms that could produce the patterns |
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II.A.2.b
identify components that could be part of an algorithm to solve a problem |
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II.A.2.c
identify actions and actors when decomposing a problem |
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II.A.2.d
identify appropriate decomposition strategies |
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II.A.3
Understand number base conversion and binary, decimal, and hexadecimal number systems |
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II.A.3.a
convert between number bases |
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II.A.3.b
analyze and compare representations of numbers in different bases |
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II.A.4
Understand how to develop and analyze algorithms expressed in multiple formats (e.g., natural language, flowcharts, pseudocode) |
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II.A.4.a
interpret diagrams that describe algorithms, given an explanation of the symbols used |
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II.A.4.b
compare algorithms written in multiple formats |
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II.A.4.c
trace and analyze algorithms written in different formats |
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II.A.4.d
identify correct sequencing of steps in an algorithm and errors in sequencing |
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II.B.1
Be familiar with the limitations of computing in terms of time, space, and solvability as well as with the use of heuristic solutions that can address these limitations |
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II.B.1.a
identify and compare algorithms that are linear, quadratic, exponential, or logarithmic |
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II.B.1.b
recognize the existence of problems that cannot be solved by a computer |
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II.B.1.c
in context, identify factors that prevent a problem from being solvable |
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II.B.1.d
identify situations where heuristic solutions are useful |
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II.B.1.e
in context, identify space and time limitations of computational solutions to problems |
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II.B.2
Understand searching and sorting algorithms; can analyze sorting algorithms for correctness and can analyze searching algorithms for correctness and efficiency |
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II.B.2.a
trace algorithms and predict output and intermediate results |
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II.B.2.b
calculate the number of comparisons required for linear and binary search algorithms |
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II.B.3
Understand simple recursive algorithms (e.g., n factorial, sum of first n integers) |
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II.B.3.a
trace simple recursive algorithms |
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II.B.3.b
provide missing steps in incomplete simple recursive algorithms |
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II.B.3.c
identify parts of a recursive algorithm (e.g., base or stopping condition, recursive call) |
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II.B.3.d
identify errors in simple recursive algorithms |
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II.B.3.e
identify an iterative algorithm that is equivalent to a recursive algorithm |
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II.B.4
Be familiar with the use of randomization in computing |
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II.B.4.a
identify appropriate uses of randomization in a variety of applications |
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II.B.4.b
identify the difference between random and pseudorandom numbers |
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III.A.1
Understand how to write and modify computer programs in a text-based programming language |
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III.A.1.a
describe what a program does or be able to choose the code segment that correctly implements a given intended purpose |
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III.A.1.b
identify missing code in a code segment with a stated intended purpose |
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III.A.1.c
place statements in appropriate order to create a correct program |
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III.A.1.d
identify how changing one part of a code segment will affect the output |
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III.A.2
Understand how to analyze computer programs in terms of correctness |
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III.A.2.a
trace code and indicate the output printed or the value of variables after code segment execution |
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III.A.2.b
indicate the inputs that produce given outputs for a code segment |
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III.A.2.c
describe what a program does or choose the code segment that correctly implements a given intended purpose |
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III.A.2.d
identify valid preconditions and postconditions |
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III.A.2.e
compare two code segments or algorithm |
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III.A.2.f
identify the type of error produced by a code segment (i.e., syntax, runtime, compile-time, overflow, round-off, logic) |
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III.A.2.g
identify errors in incorrect code and changes that can be made to correct them |
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III.A.3
Know the concepts of extensibility, modifiability, and reusability |
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III.A.3.a
identify the meaning of the terms |
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III.A.3.b
identify functionally equivalent statements or code segments that differ in one of these three ways |
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III.A.3.c
identify situations where the use of constants or variables would be preferred over hard-coded values |
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III.A.3.d
identify opportunities for parameterization |
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III.A.3.e
choose code that improves on given code by making it more extensible, modifiable, or reusable |
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III.A.3.f
identify changes that would improve a given code segment |
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III.A.4
Understand the three basic constructs used in programming: sequence, selection, and iteration |
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III.A.4.a
trace code and indicate the output printed or the value of variables after code segment execution |
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III.A.4.b
indicate inputs that produce given outputs for a code segment |
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III.A.4.c
describe what a program does or choose the code segment that correctly implements a given intended purpose |
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III.A.4.d
identify missing code in a code segment with a stated intended purpose |
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III.A.4.e
identify equivalent statements or code segments |
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III.A.4.f
identify the three constructs when used in code |
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III.A.4.g
identify which of the constructs are needed to implement given functionality |
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III.A.4.h
convert code that does not use iteration to equivalent code that uses iteration |
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III.A.5
Understand how to use standard operators (i.e., assignment, arithmetic, relational, logical) and operator precedence to write programs |
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III.A.5.a
trace code and indicate the output displayed or the value of variables after code segment execution |
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III.A.5.b
indicate inputs that produce given outputs for a code segment |
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III.A.5.c
describe what a program does or choose the code segment that correctly implements a stated intended purpose |
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III.A.5.d
identify missing code in a code segment with a stated intended purpose |
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III.A.5.e
identify equivalent statements or code segments |
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III.A.5.f
place statements in appropriate order to create a correct program |
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III.A.5.g
use Boolean algebra to identify equivalent Boolean expressions |
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III.A.5.h
write a Boolean expression equivalent to given code, or identify code equivalent to a given Boolean expression or English description |
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III.A.5.i
identify the correct implementation of a given formula, including formulas with fractions |
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III.A.5.j
evaluate expressions that include arithmetic operations |
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III.A.6
Understand how to use variables and a variety of data types |
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III.A.6.a
identify variables and data types (e.g., integers, floating point, string, Booleans, arrays/lists) |
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III.A.6.b
identify the need for type conversion |
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III.A.6.c
trace code and indicate the output printed or the value of variables after code segment execution |
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III.A.6.d
indicate the inputs that produce given outputs for a code segment |
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III.A.6.e
describe what a program does or choose the code segment that correctly implements a stated intended purpose |
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III.A.6.f
identify missing code in a code segment with a stated intended purpose |
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III.A.6.g
identify equivalent statements or code segment |
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III.A.6.h
place statements in appropriate order to create a correct program |
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III.A.6.i
describe the difference between integer and floating point numeric data types |
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III.A.6.j
describe the difference between integer and floating point division |
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III.A.6.k
describe the benefits of the use of each data type |
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III.A.6.l
distinguish between global and local scope |
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III.A.6.m
identify the most appropriate data type in a given context |
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III.A.6.n
identify the correct sequence of string operations to produce a given output |
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III.B.1
Understand how to write and call procedures with parameters and return values |
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III.B.1.a
trace code and indicate the output printed or the value of variables after code segment execution |
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III.B.1.b
indicate inputs that produce given outputs for a code segment |
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III.B.1.c
describe what a program does or choose the code segment that correctly implements a stated intended purpose |
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III.B.1.d
identify missing code in a code segment with a stated intended purpose |
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III.B.1.e
identify equivalent statements or code segments |
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III.B.1.f
place statements in appropriate order to create a correct program |
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III.B.1.g
trace code when references to objects and arrays are passed to procedures |
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III.B.1.h
trace code that includes nested procedure calls |
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III.B.10
Be familiar with the features and capabilities of integrated development environments (IDEs) |
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III.B.10.a
identify components of IDEs |
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III.B.10.b
identify benefits and drawbacks of using IDEs |
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III.B.10.c
identify the costs and benefits of context editors |
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III.B.11
Be familiar with the differences between low- and high-level programming languages |
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III.B.11.a
identify characteristics of low- and high-level languages |
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III.B.12
Be familiar with different programming paradigms |
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III.B.12.a
identify the terminology of procedural programming |
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III.B.12.b
identify the terminology of object-oriented programming |
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III.B.12.c
compare programming paradigms |
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III.B.13
Know object-oriented programming concepts |
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III.B.13.a
identify classes, instance variables, and methods given a diagram |
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III.B.13.b
identify the benefits of inheritance and encapsulation |
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III.B.13.c
identify distinctions between overloading and overriding |
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III.B.14
Be familiar with program compilation and program interpretation |
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III.B.14.a
identify differences between compilation and interpretation |
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III.B.14.b
identify differences between source code and object code |
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III.B.2
Know the concepts of event-driven programs that respond to external events (e.g., sensors, messages, clicks) |
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III.B.2.a
trace code and indicate the output printed or the value of variables after code segment execution |
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III.B.2.b
indicate inputs that produce given outputs for a code segment |
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III.B.2.c
describe what a program does or choose the code segment that correctly implements a stated intended purpose |
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III.B.2.d
identify missing code in a code segment with a stated intended purpose |
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III.B.2.e
identify possible errors due to asynchronous events |
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III.B.2.f
identify aspects of concurrency in event-driven programming |
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III.B.3
Be familiar with usability and user experience (e.g., ease of use and accessibility) |
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III.B.3.a
identify code that improves on given code in terms of usability or user experience |
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III.B.3.b
identify meaningful error messages |
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III.B.3.c
identify features that improve accessibility |
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III.B.4
Be familiar with dictionaries/maps, stacks, and queues |
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III.B.4.a
identify a data structure based on a description of behavior or appropriate use |
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III.B.4.b
given goals, constraints, or context, identify the most appropriate data structure |
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III.B.4.c
trace code that uses a particular data structure |
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III.B.5
Understand how to use debugging techniques and appropriate test cases |
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III.B.5.a
identify which test cases are most useful for given code |
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III.B.5.b
differentiate between different types of errors (e.g., overflow, round-off, syntax, runtime, compile-time, logic) |
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III.B.5.c
describe useful debugging techniques (e.g., where to put print statements) |
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III.B.5.d
differentiate between empirical testing and proof |
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III.B.5.e
identify errors in code and solutions to those errors |
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III.B.6
Be familiar with characteristics of well-documented computer programs that are usable, readable, and modular |
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III.B.6.a
identify characteristics of good documentation |
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III.B.6.b
identify good and poor documentation practices in context |
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III.B.7
Be familiar with techniques to obtain and use feedback to produce high-quality code (e.g., code reviews, peer feedback, end user feedback) |
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III.B.7.a
identify situations in which each of the three listed techniques are useful |
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III.B.8
Know how to use libraries and APIs |
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III.B.8.a
identify correct call(s) and use of return values given an A P I definition |
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III.B.8.b
identify reasons to use or not use libraries in place of writing original code |
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III.B.8.c
identify applications (e.g., math libraries, random number generation) that use APIs |
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III.B.9
Understand programming techniques to validate correct input and detect incorrect input |
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III.B.9.a
identify effective input data validation strategies |
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III.B.9.b
compare data validation (proper range and format) and data verification (e.g., password verification) |
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III.B.9.c
identify improvements to code for which data validation is required |
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IV.A.1
Understand bits as the universal medium for expressing digital information |
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IV.A.1.a
perform calculations, using bits and bytes |
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IV.A.1.b
determine the number of bits and bytes required to store a given amount of data |
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IV.A.1.c
given the description of an encoding scheme, encode or decode data |
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IV.A.1.d
describe lossy and lossless data compression |
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IV.A.1.e
explain why binary numbers are fundamental to the operation of computer systems |
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IV.A.2
Be familiar with concepts of data encryption and decryption |
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IV.A.2.a
distinguish between encoding and encryption |
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IV.A.2.b
identify trade-offs in the use of data encryption |
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IV.A.3
Know how to use computational tools, including spreadsheets, to analyze data in order to discover, explain, and visualize patterns, connections, and trends |
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IV.A.3.a
transform data to make it more useful |
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IV.A.3.b
identify specific data or characteristics of specific data that need to be removed or modified before an entire data set can be used |
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IV.A.3.c
describe the use of spreadsheet operations (e.g., formulas, filters, sorts, charts, graphs) to analyze and visualize data |
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IV.B.1
Be familiar with the use of computing in simulation and modeling |
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IV.B.1.a
describe questions that can be answered with a given simulation, or explain what data and process are required in a simulation in order to answer a given question |
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IV.B.1.b
trace code in a simulation context |
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IV.B.1.c
identify missing code in a simulation context |
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IV.B.1.d
identify the impact of changes to simulations (e.g., more or fewer variables, more or less data) |
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IV.B.1.e
identify applications of simulation and modeling |
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IV.B.2
Be familiar with methods to store, manage, and manipulate data |
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IV.B.2.a
use terminology and concepts of files and databases |
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IV.B.2.b
identify measures of file size (e.g., byte, kilo, mega, giga, tera, peta) |
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IV.B.2.c
identify issues connected with the storage requirements of computing applications, including scale, redundancy, and backup |
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IV.B.3
Be familiar with a variety of computational methods for data collection, aggregation, and generation |
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IV.B.3.a
identify the benefits of working with publicly available data sets |
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IV.B.3.b
identify the types of data generated by surveys and sensors |
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IV.B.3.c
identify examples of crowdsourcing and citizen science |
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IV.B.3.d
identify appropriate data-collection methods for a given context and purpose |
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V.A.1
Know that operating systems are programs that control and coordinate interactions between hardware and software components |
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V.A.1.a
identify hardware components and their functions |
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V.A.1.b
identify software components and their functions |
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V.A.1.c
identify common operating systems tasks |
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V.A.1.d
identify resource issues that have an impact on functionality |
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V.A.2
Be familiar with computing systems embedded in everyday objects (e.g., Internet of Things [IoT], ATMs, medical devices) |
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V.A.2.a
describe what an embedded system is |
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V.A.2.b
define what the IoT is and how it is used |
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V.A.2.c
describe how sensors are used in embedded systems |
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V.A.3
Know the capabilities, features, and uses of different types of computing systems (e.g., desktop, mobile, cluster) |
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V.A.3.a
identify capabilities, features, and uses for each type of computer system |
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V.A.3.b
identify criteria to evaluate and compare computing systems |
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V.A.4
Be familiar with computers as layers of abstraction from hardware (e.g., logic gates, chips) to software (e.g., system software, applications) |
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V.A.4.a
identify appropriate abstraction layers for hardware and software components |
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V.A.5
Be familiar with the steps required to execute a computer program (fetch-decode-execute cycles) |
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V.A.5.a
describe what happens during fetch, decode, and execute, including the order of the steps in the cycle |
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V.A.6
Be familiar with trade-offs between local, network, and cloud computing and storage |
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V.A.6.a
identify advantages and disadvantages in terms of performance, cost, security, reliability, and collaboration |
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V.A.6.b
identify means of storing binary data |
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V.A.7
Be familiar with communication between devices |
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V.A.7.a
identify and compare wireless communication systems |
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V.A.7.b
identify and compare wired communication systems |
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V.A.7.c
identify and compare network types |
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V.B.1
Know components of networks |
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V.B.1.a
identify network hardware devices and their functions |
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V.B.1.b
describe possible abstraction models of networks |
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V.B.2
Be familiar with factors that have an impact on network functionality |
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V.B.2.a
define basic terminology (e.g., bandwidth, load, latency) |
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V.B.2.b
estimate necessary bandwidth and data size for a given situation |
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V.B.2.c
identify critical resources for a given situation |
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V.B.3
Be familiar with how Internet and Web protocols work |
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V.B.3.a
describe the purpose of protocols and identify common Internet and Web protocols |
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V.B.3.b
compare IPv4 and IPv6 |
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V.B.3.c
identify and describe the basic parts of a U R L (e.g., protocol, subdomain, domain name, port, path) |
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V.B.3.d
describe the hierarchical structure of names in the domain name system (DNS) |
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V.B.3.e
describe the purpose and function of I P addressing |
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V.B.3.f
identify how Internet protocols address reliability, redundancy, and error handling |
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V.B.4
Be familiar with digital and physical strategies for maintaining security |
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V.B.4.a
identify characteristics of strong passwords (e.g., length, bits per character) |
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V.B.4.b
identify digital and physical security strategies |
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V.B.4.c
identify trade-offs in the use of security measures (e.g., encryption, decryption, digital signatures and certificates) |
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V.B.5
Be familiar with concepts of cybersecurity |
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V.B.5.a
identify and define the five pillars of cybersecurity: confidentiality, integrity, availability, nonrepudiation, and authentication |
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V.B.6
Be familiar with the components that make up the Web (e.g., HTTP, HTML, browsers, servers, clients) |
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V.B.6.a
identify the uses of markup languages |
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V.B.6.b
identify the purposes of browsers, servers, and clients |
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