Documentation for all Karel Commands and Syntax.
Calling a function actually gives the command, so the computer will run the code for that function.
A function is like a command that you get to invent and name. It allows us to break our program into smaller parts, making the program easier to understand.
Defining a function means to teach the computer a new command and explain what it should do when receiving that command.
In Python functions, the function body is the indented block of code that comes after the `def my_function():` line. The function body is what will be executed when the function is called.
`snake case` refers to the style of writing in which each space is replaced by an underscore `_` character and the first letter of each word is lowercase.
Top down design is a method for breaking our program down into smaller parts.
Assumptions we make about what must be true before the function is called.
A message in your code that explains what is going on.
Managing complexity by "abstracting away" information and detail, in order to focus on the relevant concepts.
The ability to use methods and programs that we do not fully understand, or are unable to write.
SuperKarel is like Karel but already knows how to turnRight() and turnAround()
APIs and libraries simplify complex programming tasks by providing sets of clearly defined methods of communication among various computing components.
Written instructions detailing the functions, methods, and variables available and how to use them.
A for loop lets us repeat code a **fixed number of times.**
Executes code only if condition is true
Control structure that lets us run either one section of code or another depending on a test.
Lets us repeat code as long as something is true.
A control structure lets us change the flow of the code.
An algorithm is a set of steps or rules to follow to solve a particular problem.
Sequencing, or sequential execution, is step by step execution of instructions in the order they are given.
Repetition of instructions a specified number of times, or until a condition is met.
Using a condition to determine which part of an algorithm is executed.
Pieces of information you can give to functions when you define them. When the function is called the arguments are the data you pass into the function's parameters. Parameter is the variable in the declaration of the function. Argument is the actual value of this variable that gets passed to the function.
Ultra Karel is the same as Super Karel, except Ultra Karel has the ability to paint the grid world!
Indentation is the visual structure of how your code is laid out. It uses tabs to organize code into a hierarchy.
the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings
False information provided by an AI
Machine learning is a field of Artificial Intelligence that uses inputs and outputs to create computer models that teaches a computer to have intelligence.
A form of artificial intelligence that generates new content such as text or art
Occurs when a result is more favorable to a certain outcome.
a technical standard that allows electronic musical instruments, computers, and other devices to communicate and synchronize with each other
The practice of designing things – physical spaces, digital products, information – to be usable by everyone, regardless of their abilities
A description that is added to an image on a webpage
the practice of designing inputs for AI tools that will produce optimal outputs.
a method used to trick an AI tool, such as ChatGPT or Bard, into bypassing its normal restrictions
The practice of encrypting information so only authorized people can read it.
A process of converting information into an unreadable form to keep it secure from unauthorized access.
The process of breaking an encryption by trial and error.
When the same key is used to both encrypt and decrypt.
When one key encrypts and a different key decrypts.
A cipher that changes one character or symbol into another.
A cipher that groups bits into blocks of plaintext before applying the encryption.
A cipher that shifts the positions of plaintext character (or groups of characters) according to a regular system.
A small data file that digitally binds a public cryptographic key to an organization.
An algorithm used to change a message into an unreadable string of text for the purpose of verifying the information.
A method in cryptography by which keys (public or private) are exchanged between two parties.
Working backwards through an encryption to unveil the input, or the key.
Occurs when someone secretly intercepts communications between two parties by impersonating one or both parties.
Translates and executes program code line by line into machine code.
Translates, or “compiles” the entire code into machine code and then runs the program, or sets aside to run later.
A programming language is any set of rules that converts strings, or graphical program elements in the case of visual programming languages, to various kinds of machine code output.
a computer programming language consisting of binary instructions
A language where variable types are determined at runtime, not in advance.
A language where variable types are explicitly declared and checked at compile time.
The process of verifying and enforcing the constraints of types in a programming language.
The period when a program is running, after it has been compiled or interpreted.
