Documentation for all Karel Commands and Syntax.
Calling a function actually gives the command, so the computer will run the code for that function.
A function is like a command that you get to invent and name. It allows us to break our program into smaller parts, making the program easier to understand.
Defining a function means to teach the computer a new command and explain what it should do when receiving that command.
In Python functions, the function body is the indented block of code that comes after the `def my_function():` line. The function body is what will be executed when the function is called.
`snake case` refers to the style of writing in which each space is replaced by an underscore `_` character and the first letter of each word is lowercase.
Top down design is a method for breaking our program down into smaller parts.
Assumptions we make about what must be true before the function is called.
A message in your code that explains what is going on.
Managing complexity by "abstracting away" information and detail, in order to focus on the relevant concepts.
The ability to use methods and programs that we do not fully understand, or are unable to write.
SuperKarel is like Karel but already knows how to turnRight() and turnAround()
APIs and libraries simplify complex programming tasks by providing sets of clearly defined methods of communication among various computing components.
Written instructions detailing the functions, methods, and variables available and how to use them.
A for loop lets us repeat code a **fixed number of times.**
Executes code only if condition is true
Control structure that lets us run either one section of code or another depending on a test.
Lets us repeat code as long as something is true.
A control structure lets us change the flow of the code.
An algorithm is a set of steps or rules to follow to solve a particular problem.
Sequencing, or sequential execution, is step by step execution of instructions in the order they are given.
Repetition of instructions a specified number of times, or until a condition is met.
Using a condition to determine which part of an algorithm is executed.
Pieces of information you can give to functions when you define them. When the function is called the arguments are the data you pass into the function's parameters. Parameter is the variable in the declaration of the function. Argument is the actual value of this variable that gets passed to the function.
Ultra Karel is the same as Super Karel, except Ultra Karel has the ability to paint the grid world!
Indentation is the visual structure of how your code is laid out. It uses tabs to organize code into a hierarchy.
The size, shape, and physical specifications of any physical aspect of a computer system.
An operating system such as Windows, Mac OS, Android or iOS.
Software that only works on one platform, such as only on Android phones, or only on Mac computers.
Software that works on multiple platforms.
Created when a collection of data is organized or structured.
Pulls meaning from information by analyzing the organized data and generating insights.
A collection of numbers or data points.
A computer program that helps us organize, manipulate, and analyze data.
The intersection of a row and a column.
A horizontal line of cells.
A vertical line of cells.
A built-in formula that performs specific calculations.
The practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data.
The central value between numbers.
The middle value in an ordered list.
The value that occurs the most.
A question that could have variability within its answers.
A story that is created with the intent to explain the data and why it matters.
A philosophy of making information and knowledge open and accessible to all people. A network of networks built on open, agreed upon protocols.
A widely agreed upon set of rules that standardize communication between machines.
A group of two or more computer systems linked together.
The usage of deceptive emails and websites to maliciously gather personal information
Ransomware is a type cyber attack that threatens to publish the victim's data or block access to it unless a ransom is paid.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity which enables these things to connect and exchange data.
Protection of computer systems, networks, and data from digital attacks.
The CIA Triad is a widely-accepted security measure that should be guaranteed in every secure system. It stands for Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
The protection of information from people who are not authorized to view it.
Aims at ensuring that information is protected from unauthorized or unintentional alteration.
The assurance that systems and data are accessible by authorized users when and where needed.
Scrambling digital information into an unreadable form. Only those with verified authority (password, key, etc) can unscramble it to read it.
An encryption method in which each letter of the message is shifted by a certain amount, called the key
The conversion of encrypted data into its original form.
the process of converting information or data, usually to prevent unauthorized access
Bit means "binary digit". A bit is a single digit in a binary number. A bit can either be 0 or 1.
A byte is 8 bits.
Number system that has 2 digits, 0 and 1. This is how computers represent numbers at the base level.
A semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power, functioning as an on/off switch in computing
The process of converting information or data into a specific format that can be understood or processed by a computer.
A float, or floating point value, is a numeric value that can have decimal level precision (ex: 3.14)
The way humans communicate with each other, like English, Spanish, or Mandarin.
A set of instructions (commands) and rules used to communicate with computers. Examples include Python, JavaScript, and HTML.
A way to classify the kind of information you can use in programming, like numbers, words, or true/false values.
