Written instructions detailing the functions, methods, and variables available and how to use them.
Pair programming is a collaborative programming practice where two programmers work together at one computer on the same piece of code.
A person or device that makes calculations, stores data, and executes instructions according to a program.
The physical components of a computer
Programs that can be run on a computer
Input devices are computing devices that are used to take in information from a user or another device.
Output devices are computing devices that are used to send computer data to the user.
The primary software that runs applications and manages all the hardware, memory and other software on a computer.
A method of organizing files and retrieving them from storage.
a digital container that holds information or data on a computer
A circuit board with ports and sockets used to connect the main devices of a computer.
The core component of a device that accepts and executes instructions.
A fast type of computer memory which temporarily stores all the information your device needs right away.
Storage devices are computing devices that remember information.
the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings
A device a computer uses to show or present information to a user
`lowerCamelCase` is a naming convention where the first letter is lower case, and each subsequent start of a word is upper case.
Defining a function means to teach the computer a new command and explain what it should do when receiving that command.
Calling a function actually gives the command, so the computer will run the code for that function.
Indentation is the visual structure of how your code is laid out. It uses tabs to organize code into a hierarchy.
The way your code is written is the style. It covers the aspects of the code that goes beyond whether or not it just works.
Breaking down (decomposing) your code is splitting it into more functions.
Top down design is a method for breaking our program down into smaller parts.
An algorithm is a set of steps or rules to follow to solve a particular problem.
Assumptions we make about what must be true before the function is called.
SuperKarel is like Karel but already knows how to turnRight() and turnAround()
An API (application programming interface) is a set of tools for building programs.
A control structure lets us change the flow of the code.
An if statement lets you ask a question to the program and only run code if the answer is true.
Control structure that lets us run either one section of code or another depending on a test.
A problem when using a while loop where you forget one action at the beginning or the end.
Sequencing, or sequential execution, is step by step execution of instructions in the order they are given.
Repetition of instructions a specified number of times, or until a condition is met.
Using a condition to determine which part of an algorithm is executed.
Ultra Karel is the same as Super Karel, except Ultra Karel has the ability to paint the grid world!
A philosophy of making information and knowledge open and accessible to all people. A network of networks built on open, agreed upon protocols.
A widely agreed upon set of rules that standardize communication between machines.
Information (numbers, words, measurements, observations, etc) that is in a computer-readable form.
Digital information generally comprises data that is created by, or prepared for, electronic systems and devices such as computers, screens, calculators, communication devices and so on, and can be stored on those devices or in the Cloud
The process of converting information or data into a specific format that can be understood or processed by a computer.
The binary number system is the Base 2 Number System. It is a number system that only uses 2 digits (0 and 1).
Bit means "binary digit". A bit is a single digit in a binary number. A bit can either be 0 or 1.
ASCII is the standard protocol for encoding text information as bits. The ASCII table assigns a unique binary number to every text character.
Images are made up of pixels, which are essentially a grid of values. Each value, or pixel, encodes the color at that position in the image.
The hexadecimal number system is the Base 16 number system. It is a number system that only uses 16 digits (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F)
The RGB encoding scheme allows us to encode colors as numeric data. It defines the amount of Red, Green, and Blue light in a pixel. Each color channel can have a value between 0 and 255.
A procedure that applies a particular function to an image's pixels to change its appearance
A number system defines how we represent numbers. It defines which digits we can use, and what value each position (place value) in a number has.
The number system we use in out everyday lives. It has 10 digits, 0-9.
Number system that has 2 digits, 0 and 1. This is how computers represent numbers at the base level.
Number system that has 16 digits 1 - 9 and A - F.
Traditionally the very first program you write when learning a programming language, a program that prints "Hello world" to the user.
JavaScript function that prints out a line to the user
Declaring a variable is defining it for the first time.
Initializing a variable is giving it an initial value.
A float, or floating point value, is a numeric value that can have decimal level precision (ex: 3.14)
Data provided by the user to a program via input commands.
An identifier that stores data or information and cannot be changed.
Arithmetic operators include + addition, - subtraction, * multiplication, / division, and % modulus. These operators are used to perform basic mathematical tasks.
Not actually random, but appears to be random
A group of two or more computer systems linked together.
Able to send bits from router to router across long distances, but they are very expensive.
The amount of data (in bits) that can be sent in a fixed amount of time.
The capacity of data transfer in a system. Measured by bitrate.
The latency of a system is the time it takes for a bit to travel from sender to receiver. Fiber optic cables have low latency.
A protocol that defines the structure of an Internet address and assigns a unique address to every device on the Internet.
A new 128 bit version of the Internet Protocol.
The original IP protocol that was created in the 1980s.
Used to translate domain names into IP addresses.
The process of sending data between two computers on the internet. The data is sent through routers that determine the route.
When multiple paths exist between two points. This improves reliability and makes the internet fault tolerable. Makes the routing system scalable.
Packets are the units of data that are sent over the network.
Allows for sending MULTIPLE packets between two computers. TCP checks that all packets arrived and can be put back in the proper order. The metadata must include a destination IP address, a from IP address, the message size and the packet order number.
Protocol that standardizes the language for talking to web servers to send and receive web resources. Defines how computers send and receive hypertext information. (HTTPS: The “S” denotes a secure connection using HTTP.)
The unique address that is assigned to each device connected to the internet. It is part of the Internet Protocol.
HyperText Transfer Protocol is a protocol that standardizes the language for talking to web servers to send and receive web pages, or HyperText information (HTML pages).
A document that can be viewed by a web browser, usually written in HTML
The structure of an HTML document
HTML provides several tags for formatting text on web pages.
HTML headings are titles or subtitles that you want to display on a webpage. HTML headings are defined with the `<h1>` to `<h6>` tags. `<h1>` defines the most important heading. `<h6>` defines the least important heading.
The `<p>` tag defines a paragraph. Browsers automatically add a single blank line before and after each `<p>` element.
The `<i>` tag defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood. The content inside is typically displayed in italic.
The `<b>` tag specifies bold text without any extra importance.
Allows putting links on a web page. It uses the href attribute to specify what the link should point to.
Allows adding an image to a web page. It is self-closing. The attributes of an `<img>` tag include `src`, which specifies where to get the image from (the url for an image ), and `width` and `height` attributes, which specify the size of the image in pixels.
Tags can have attributes that tell us more information about the tag.
Way to organize information with a simple structure that is easy to read and write on a webpage. There are ordered and unordered HTML lists.
Defines an unordered list in HTML.
defines a list item inside an HMTL list.
The <ol> tag defines an ordered list. An ordered list can be numerical or alphabetical.
Tables display information in a grid.
Creates a container for the table data
Creates a container for a single row in a table
A single table data element
A single table header element
Cascading Style Sheets. The language for designing web pages and adding style.
Defines which HTML elements a CSS rule applies to.
A CSS apply specific styling to HTML elements. A CSS rule is made of two components, selector and declaration(s).
The property-value pairs in a CSS rule that define the styling for specific HTML elements.
`class` is an attribute we can add to HTML tags in order to style a specific group of elements.
`id` is an attribute we can add to an HTML tag to style that specific element.
Stands for Uniform Resource Locator. You are locating a resource that exists somewhere on the internet.
A program on your computer that sends requests for webpages and displays them.
An HTTP request is made by a client, to a named host, which is located on a server. The aim of the request is to access a resource on the server.
Browser tools that help programmers diagnose problems, build and maintain secure websites.
Used to incorporate JavaScript into HTML files
A temporary job or position with a company or organization that allows you to gain practical skills and knowledge in a particular field.
A document that lists your experiences, skills, and achievements.
A collection of your best work, such as projects, artwork, or writing samples.
The moral principle that governs a person's behavior.
The laws and regulations that govern the use of a resource or activity.
Design Thinking is an iterative process in which you seek to understand your users, challenge, assumptions, redefine problems and create innovative solutions which you can prototype and test.
A model designed to demonstrate the most basic functionality or basic design of a product, sometimes used as a proof of concept
A chance to get feedback on your solutions, refine them, and make them better.
The information about a particular person that exists on the Internet as a result of their online activity
the use of electronic communication to bully a person
any data that can be used to identify an individual, such as their name, address, or social security number
protecting your data online
secure data transfer protocol when on the internet
Legal document outlining how a company can collect and use your data
The usage of deceptive emails and websites to maliciously gather personal information
(2FA) A type of multifactor authentication that typically combines something the user knows (like a password) with something the user has (like a mobile phone)
Tools that store and manage passwords for various accounts, generating strong passwords and auto-filling login credentials.
Information literacy is having the ability to find information, evaluate information credibility, and use information effectively.
A law that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to its use, distribution, and sale
Objects in the public domain are not subject to copyright laws, and thus may be freely used by the general public.
