A person or device that makes calculations, stores data, and executes instructions according to a program.
The information about a particular person that exists on the Internet as a result of their online activity
the use of electronic communication to bully a person
A law that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to its use, distribution, and sale
Objects in the public domain are not subject to copyright laws, and thus may be freely used by the general public.
Legal document outlining how a company can collect and use your data
Legal contract between a software company and the customer/user that specifies how a product can be used.
`lowerCamelCase` is a naming convention where the first letter is lower case, and each subsequent start of a word is upper case.
Defining a function means to teach the computer a new command and explain what it should do when receiving that command.
Calling a function actually gives the command, so the computer will run the code for that function.
Programs that "Read like a story" have good decomposition and make the code easy to follow.
Breaking down (decomposing) your code is splitting it into more functions.
Indentation is the visual structure of how your code is laid out. It uses tabs to organize code into a hierarchy.
Top down design is a method for breaking our program down into smaller parts.
The way your code is written is the style. It covers the aspects of the code that goes beyond whether or not it just works.
Assumptions we make about what must be true before the function is called.
SuperKarel is like Karel but already knows how to turnRight() and turnAround()
A control structure lets us change the flow of the code.
An if statement lets you ask a question to the program and only run code if the answer is true.
Control structure that lets us run either one section of code or another depending on a test.
A problem when using a while loop where you forget one action at the beginning or the end.
Managing complexity by "abstracting away" information and detail, in order to focus on the relevant concepts.
An error in the sequence of words or rules in a program that prevents the program from running.
errors where the expected result does not match the actual result; these errors are due to mistakes in coding logic and will not be detected by the compiler
Traditionally the very first program you write when learning a programming language, a program that prints "Hello world" to the user.
JavaScript function that prints out a line to the user
Declaring a variable is defining it for the first time.
Initializing a variable is giving it an initial value.
A float, or floating point value, is a numeric value that can have decimal level precision (ex: 3.14)
A number in your code that appears arbitrary. These should all be replaced with calculations or constants.
A coordinate system uses numbers as coordinates to place objects in a geometric space.
JavaScript function that returns the width of the graphics canvas
JavaScript function that returns the height of the graphics canvas
The length between the center and edge of a circle
An event is an action (such as clicking the mouse or pressing a key on the keyboard) that a program detects and uses as input.
A function passed as a parameter to another function in order to be called later.
The study of computational thinking, the thinking humans need to in order to describe a step by step process to a computer.
A general term in programming that refers to the flow of information into and out of a program
Arithmetic operators include + addition, - subtraction, * multiplication, / division, and % modulus. These operators are used to perform basic mathematical tasks.
Used to make logical associations between boolean values
Logical operator that ORs two boolean values. Written as `||`. `a || b` will be true if `a` or `b` is true.
Logical operator that ANDs two boolean values. Written as `&&`. `a && b` will be true if both `a` and `b` are true.
Logical operator that negates a single boolean value. Written as `!`. `!a` will be true if `a` is false, and false if `a` is true.
To flip a boolean value, or take the opposite of a boolean value. If you negate true, you get false. If you negate false, you get true.
An edge case is a problem in your code that only occurs in extreme situations.
A variable used to count the number of times an action has been performed
A constant that has the specific purpose of being the value that breaks out of a loop.
A loop, most often set with while(true), that has a break in the loop body.
The `break;` statement breaks out of the current loop, without executing any more code in the loop.
A loop that has no way of stopping, and will keep looping forever.
Documentation for the syntax and objects in Javascript that we use on CodeHS.
Don't repeat yourself: try to simplify your code and avoid repeating code unnecessarily.
Repetition of instructions a specified number of times, or until a condition is met.
Also called an array. A data structure that holds a collection of values in a particular order
Also called a list. A data structure that holds a collection of values in a particular order
Showing several still images one after another very quickly, to give the illusion of animated movement.
A variable that can be used throughout a program, in every scope
The value returned from a function when the function is called.
APIs and libraries simplify complex programming tasks by providing sets of clearly defined methods of communication among various computing components.
The Standard Library is the baseline, plain version of the programming language. It has the built-in functions that you use.
Identity theft, stealing money, stealing private information, controlling private computers.
Ransomware is a type cyber attack that threatens to publish the victim's data or block access to it unless a ransom is paid.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity which enables these things to connect and exchange data.
Protection of computer systems, networks, and data from digital attacks.
attempting to find computer security vulnerabilities and exploit them for personal financial gain or other malicious reasons
a computer security specialist who breaks into protected systems and networks to test and assess their security
The CIA Triad is a widely-accepted security measure that should be guaranteed in every secure system. It stands for Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
The protection of information from people who are not authorized to view it.
Aims at ensuring that information is protected from unauthorized or unintentional alteration.
The assurance that systems and data are accessible by authorized users when and where needed.
The process of collecting and sharing of information about a user's activity on the internet
Small pieces of code/data that get stored in your browser by a website that you visit
Small pieces of code/data that get stored in your browser by websites you haven't visited
The process of websites creating a unique profile of you based on your computer hardware, software, and system preferences
Clear images or graphics that are generated by HTML on a website or email that are used to track users
how company's use your data
protecting your data online
secure data transfer protocol when on the internet
Information literacy is having the ability to find information, evaluate information credibility, and use information effectively.
Using charts, graphs, or images to visualize complex data.
a set of data that describes and gives information about other data.
Visualizations can be misleading by skewing the axes or labels, or leaving out relevant data.
Not starting the y-axis at zero.
A connection between two things.
The process of learning about the world using data and computation.
A question that could have a variety of different answers.
A sequence of steps for processing and using data.
Numerical data that can be counted or measured.
Data that can be divided into different categories.
