A variable that receives a value passed into a method from outside the method.
The `return` statement exits a method and returns a value.
The value returned from a method.
A method's return type is the type of value returned from that method.
A method's signature is the name of the method and the parameter list.
A method's call site is the point in the code where the method is called.
A class is a template, or a blueprint, from which Java objects are created. All Java programs start with a class.
String is a Java type that represents a string of characters (text)
`char` is a Java type that represents a single character (a single letter)
An object is a single instance of a Java class. An object has both state and behavior.
Primitive types are the basic, simple data types that are inherent to Java (int, double, char, and boolean)
A substring is a smaller sequence of characters in a larger String.
Unable to change. Strings in Java are immutable, meaning you can't change it once you make it. If you take a substring of a String, or concatenate something to a String, the result is a *brand new* String, rather than a modification of the original.
A method is a way to teach the computer a new command
Defining a method means to teach the computer a new command and explain what it should do when receiving that command.
Calling a method actually gives the command, so the computer will run the code for that method.
The part of the method that contains the commands
Java method that lets us print out a line of output to the user
Java method that lets us print output to the user, without ending the line printed.
The `"` character
Escape sequences are characters with special meanings.
A method called on the Class, rather than on a specific object of the Class.
Top down design is a method for breaking a problem down into smaller parts.
A specific standard for commenting Java programs. Javadoc is a format to follow when commenting in order to clearly explain your code.
An exception is thrown by Java when a **runtime error** is encountered. The exception provides information about what kind of error occurred.
A message in your code that explains what is going on.
Documentation showing the syntax and examples for how to use the various features of Java.
An error in the actual Java code. The code will not **compile** into an executable program, because there are errors in the text of the code.
A tool that compiles your Java code, it takes the Java code you've written and turns it into an executable program.
An error that happens while the program is running. Even if the code is written with the proper syntax, there are things that can go wrong while the program is running.
