An error in the sequence of words or rules in a program that prevents the program from running.
An algorithm is a set of steps or rules to follow to solve a particular problem.
Java method that lets us print out a line of output to the user
Java method that lets us print output to the user, without ending the line printed.
String is a Java type that represents a string of characters (text)
The rules for writing code in a specific programming language
A symbol or container that holds a value.
Primitive types are the basic, simple data types that are inherent to Java (int, double, char, and boolean)
A boolean is a true or false value.
Reference variables store the address of the value
A way to classify the kind of information you can use in programming, like numbers, words, or true/false values.
The process of changing the value stored in a variable.
The modulus operator (written as % in most programming languages) divides two numbers and returns the remainder.
When two integers are divided, the decimal values are truncated, or chopped off.
Escape sequences are characters with special meanings.
A combination of numbers, operators, and sometimes variables that computes a value.
To trim some digits of a float or double-type number or some characters of a string from the right.
A class within java.util. It contains code specifically designed to help with user input.
A line of code that assigns a value to a variable using the = operator
A temporary memory area where input from the user is stored before being processed.
Casting is turning something of one type into another type
The order in which mathematical expressions should be evaluated. Starts with Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplications and Division, Addition and Subtraction.
The difference between the calculated approximation of a number and its exact mathematical value due to rounding.
An error that occurs when the result of an integer operation does not fit within the allocated memory space.
To remove the digits to the right of the decimal point without rounding.
Increase the value of a variable by one. variable++;
Decrease the value of a variable by one. variable--;
Allows programmers to shortcut variable assignments that include the variable being assigned a new value: x = x + y; shortcut: x += y;
Commenting out code makes the computer ignore it, so it does not run.
Assumptions we make about what must be true before a method is called.
What should be true after a method is called
//This is a single line comment
/* This is a multi- Line comment*/
/** 1. One sentence description of code’s function. 2. Preconditions 3. Postconditions 4. Block tags */
A method is a way to teach the computer a new command
A variable that receives a value passed into a method from outside the method.
A method's signature is the name of the method and the parameter list.
Classes can have multiple methods with the same name, as long as the parameters to those methods are different. Doing this is called "overloading" a method.
Indicates what type value is being returned from the method
A return type that means the method does not return a value.
An instance method is a method that defines the behavior of an object. It defines an action that the object can perform.
Static methods are the methods in Java that can be called without creating an object of class. Static methods are called using the dot operator along with the class name unless they are defined in the enclosing class.
The process of hiding the implementation details of a class from the user
Organizing code into smaller, reusable pieces
The Math class is part of the java.lang package and contains only static methods.
Can be manipulated to produce a random int or double in a defined range.
Math function that takes the square root of the inputted parameters
An API (application programming interface) is a set of tools for building programs.
Returns the value of the first argument raised to the power of the second
Formula to scale `Math.random()` to a desired range
A class is a template, or a blueprint, from which Java objects are created. All Java programs start with a class.
An object is a single instance of a Java class. An object has both state and behavior.
If a class A extends the class B, then B is the superclass of A.
When a subclass extends a superclass, the subclass inherits all of the static methods, static variables, and public instance methods of the superclass. This is called inheritance.
Managing complexity by "abstracting away" information and detail, in order to focus on the relevant concepts.
Create an instance of a class object.
An object’s characteristics.
A constructor is a special method of a Class that constructs a new object (a new instance) of the Class and sets the initial values for the instance variables.
toString is a special method you write in your class that returns a String representation of the object.
When a class has more than one constructor with the same name, but different parameter lists.
Concatenation is another word for combining. Concatenating Strings is when we add Strings together.
A substring is a smaller sequence of characters in a larger String.
Unable to change. Strings in Java are immutable, meaning you can't change it once you make it. If you take a substring of a String, or concatenate something to a String, the result is a *brand new* String, rather than a modification of the original.
The automatic process of transforming a variables data type. This occurs when a primitive and String object are concatenated by changing the primitive value to a String object type.
A message in your code that explains what is going on.
Documentation is the reference for how to use different methods and classes
A collection of modules and packages.
