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Cyber Glossary

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motherboard General

A circuit board with ports and sockets used to connect the main devices of a computer.

BIOS General

A special kind of firmware that runs programs strictly to start up your computer.

central processing unit (CPU) General

The core component of a device that accepts and executes instructions.

random access memory (RAM) General

A fast type of computer memory which temporarily stores all the information your device needs right away.

solid-state drive (SSD) General

A fast access storage device used in computers.

graphics processing unit (GPU) General

A component designed to speed up the creation of images and output them to a display device, like a monitor.

network interface card (NIC) General

A component with a built in wired network port that allows the computer to connect to a network.

network port General

A location where information is sent from one computer to another.

port scan General

Checks to see which ports on a network are open.

firewall General

A device or software that blocks unwanted Internet traffic while allowing legitimate traffic.

plug-and-play device General

A device that will be recognized by your computer and install on its own.

driver General

A group of files that allows a device to communicate with the computer’s operating system.

Bluetooth General

A short-range wireless communication technology that uses radio waves to transmit information.

NFC (Near Field Communication) General

Enables short-range communication between compatible devices.

network device General

An electronic device which is required for communication between devices.

network adapter General

An internal component of a computer that is used for communicating over a network.

modem General

A network device that allows a device to connect to the Internet.

switch General

Enables wired connections between more than one computer or device.

access point General

A network device that allows other Wi-Fi devices to connect to a wired network.

router General

An access point that allows for network management and security configuration.

volatile storage General

Storage that is available only while the system is on and disappears when the system is turned off.

non-volatile storage General

Storage that is saved and available even when the system is shut down.

network-attached storage (NAS) General

Storage that contains one or more drives that can be accessed over a network.

file server General

Network attached storage that is equipped with powerful network adapters.

WLAN General

A wireless LAN that uses radio frequency technology to send and receive data.

VLAN General

A virtual LAN that allows for the setup of separate networks by configuring a network device.

wireless networking standards General

A set of protocols that specify how your Wi-Fi network and other data transmissions work.

command line interface (CLI) General

Processes commands to a computer program in the form of lines of text.

routing table General

A list of specific routing destinations; essentially a map for the router.