An if statement lets you ask a question to the program and only run code if the answer is true.
Control structure that lets us run either one section of code or another depending on a test.
A for loop lets us repeat code a **fixed number of times**.
Java method that lets us print out a line of output to the user
Java method that lets us print output to the user, without ending the line printed.
A symbol or container that holds a value.
`int` is a Java type that represents an integer (a whole number)
String is a Java type that represents a string of characters (text)
`char` is a Java type that represents a single character (a single letter)
`boolean` is a Java type that can either be true or false
`double` is a Java type that represents a real number with decimal values
Declaring a variable is defining it for the first time.
Initializing a variable is giving it an initial value, or a starting value.
Assigning to a variable is updating the variable's value
Java method that lets us read in a line of input from the user as a String
Java method that lets us read in an integer input from the user
Java method that lets us read in a decimal value input from the user
Java method that lets us read in a true or false value input from the user
Casting is turning something of one type into another type
Logical operator that ANDs two boolean values. Written as `&&`. `a && b` will be true if both `a` and `b` are true.
Logical operator that ORs two boolean values. Written as `||`. `a || b` will be true if `a` or `b` is true.
Logical operator that negates a single boolean value. Written as `!`. `!a` will be true if `a` is false, and false if `a` is true.
Used to make logical associations between boolean values.
A loop, most often set with `while(true)`, that has a `break` statement in the loop body.