A class is a template, or a blueprint, from which Java objects are created. All Java programs start with a class.
An object is a single instance of a Java class. An object has both state and behavior.
A method called on the Class, rather than on a specific object of the Class.
Instance is what you call a specific object constructed from a class. Instance and object generally refer to the same thing. An object is a specific instance of a class.
A variable defined in a Class, for which each object of the class has its own copy.
An instance method is a method that defines the behavior of an object. It defines an action that the object can perform.
Visibility (usually `public` or `private`) defines who has access to something (usually a variable or method). Public means code outside of the class can access, private means only code inside the class can access.
A variable or attribute of a class that is shared between **all** instance of a class. Each instance **does not** get their own copy.
Related classes are grouped together into packages.
The `this` keyword is a reference to the current object (the current instance).
